A good knowledge of the following methods, terms, principles and the context in which they are relevant is a precondition for Medical Life Sciences. The topics listed below contain the MINIMUM knowledge requirements.

Lab experience is a must, i.e. you have conducted lab experiments yourself; having watched how steps were demonstrated does not count.

Cell biology knowledge

eukaryotes/prokaryotes

DNA replication

transcription

translation

molecular cloning

cell structure and organelles

Western/Southern blot

cell cultures

ELISA

Relevant literature: Alberts, Bruce, Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th edition, 2014) - [Part I: introduction to the cell, II: basic genetic mechanisms, III: manipulating proteins, DNA, RNA]

Genetics and molecular biology knowledge

PCR

molecular cloning

Sanger sequencing

nucleic acid hybridisation

human chromosomes, Mendelian inheritance

gene structure

Relevant literature: Strachan, Thomas and Read, Andrew, Human Molecular Genetics (5th edition  2018)

Biochemistry knowledge

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Relevant literature: Berg JM, Gumport RI, Stryer L et al., Biochemistry (9th edition 2019)

Major principles in biology and scientists establishing them:

Theory of Evolution

Natural Selection

Charles Darwin

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Minimum lab skills

Calculating molarities

DNA extraction

PCR

Gel electrophoresis

Gel preparation

Pipetting with microlitre pipettes (e.g. Eppendorf pipettes)

Buffer preparation

Handling enzymes

The importance of handling yourself in a laboratory

It is very helpful to have done additional lab internships of several weeks or months in the industry or in academia carrying out tasks in the lab self-guidedly. The minimum requirement is lab experience in your Bachelor studies of several weeks (genetics, cell biology, biochemistry) and with the lab skills cited above in place.